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In general, atoms are most stable, least reactive, when their outermost electron shell is full. Most of the elements important in biology need eight electrons in their outermost shell in order to be stable, and this rule of thumb is known as the octet rule.
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If the outer shell of an atom is mostly full explain from chem.libretexts.org
Sep 20, 2022 · The Outermost Level​​ An atom is most stable if its outermost energy level contains as many electrons as it can hold. For example, helium has two ...