Mark Brennan is the UNESCO Chair on Global Citizenship Education for Sustainable Peace through Youth and Community Engagement and Professor of Leadership and Community Development at the Pennsylvania State University.

When talented amateurs began to publish drawings in the late 1750s, caricature began to reach a wider audience. The active participation of both the aristocracy and the rich ensured lasting success for caricature. It quickly became an integral part of political and public life, as it still is today.

The term is originally Italian, 'caricatura', and caricature appeared in Italian art about 1600 in the work of Annibale Carracci.

Answer: (i) By 1870, caricatures and cartoons were being published in journals, newspapers, commenting on social and political issues. (ii) Some caricatures ridiculed the educated Indians' fascination with western clothes and tastes, while others expressed the fear of social change.